Bean common mosaic virus

Family   : Potyviridae
Genus    : Potyvirus
Acronym  : BCMV

Introduction

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is a plant pathogenic virus is mainly restricted to Phaseolus species and is probably common wherever these crops are grown. Bean mosaic virus, Bean virus 1, Phaseolus virus 1 are synonyms commonly used. Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus is now considered as a distinct strain of BCMV

Major Diseases

common mosaic Disease/Black-root Disease

Geographical Distribution

Wide spread in india.

Particle Morphology

The electron micrographs showed filamentous virus particles of 790 x 15 nm dimension.

Transmission Method

Transmitted by a vector Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora, A. fabae, Myzus persicae and other spp.(Aphididae) in a non-persistent manner. Virus is also transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by seed.

Detection

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) such as Direct Antigen Coating-ELISA (DAC-ELISA) and Double Antibody Sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) for detecting the virus directly and indirectly in seed components.

Host Range and Symptomatology

Host	Symptoms
Cowpea	Vein clearing ,vein banding, mosaic, reduction in leaf size and shunted growth
soybean	Mosaic and malformation, sensitive ones show rugosity of lower leaves, mosaic, malformation of leaves and pods, those with the dominant necrosis gene develop vein necrosis, black root and death .
Lablab purpureus	Symptoms of stunting, mosaic, vein-banding, vein-clearing, mottling, and blisters.
Phaseolus coccineus	Stunting, mosaic, vein-banding.

References

1	Bean common mosaic virus. [Distribution map].. 1974, Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, October (Edition 3), pp Map 213.
2	Aflaq Hamid ; Mushtaq Ahmad ; Padder, B. A. ; Shah, M. D. ; Sehar Saleem ; Sofi, T. A. ; Mir, A. A., Pathogenic and coat protein characterization confirming the occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Kashmir, India.. 2014, Phytoparasitica, 42, 3, pp 317-322.
3	Aflaq Hamid ; Mushtaq Ahmad ; Padder, B. A. ; Shah, M. D. ; Sofi, T. A. ; Mohaddin, F. A., Distribution of BCMV strains in Kashmir valley and identification of resistant sources of Phaseolus vulgaris.. 2016, Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 76, 1, pp 107-110.
4	Babu, B. ; Hegde, V. ; Makeshkumar, T. ; Jeeva, M. L., Characterisation of the coat protein gene of Dasheen mosaic virus infecting elephant foot yam.. 2011, Journal of Plant Pathology, 93, 1, pp 199-203.
5	Bashir, M. ; Hampton, R. O., Serological and biological comparisons of blackeye cowpea mosaic and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus isolates seed-borne in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. germplasm.. 1996, Journal of Phytopathology, 144, 5, pp 257-263.
6	Capoor, S. P. ; Rao, D. G. ; Sawant, D. M., A note on a virus disease of French bean.. 1985, Indian Phytopathology, 38, 1, pp 152-154.
7	Chalam, V. C. ; Khetarpal, R. K. ; Parakh, D. B. ; Maurya, A. K. ; Anju Jain ; Shamsher Singh, Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in French bean germplasm imported during 2002-2003.. 2005, Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 33, 1, pp 134-138.
8	Dhanju, K. S. ; Chowfla, S. C. ; Handa, A. K., Effect of barrier crops and spacing on the incidence of mosaic disease and yield of French bean.. 1995, Legume Research, 18, 2, pp 113-116.
9	Dikshit, H. K. ; Sanjeev Gupta, IPR 98-5 (Utkarsh) - a high yielding rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety for north east plains zone of India.. 2006, Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 66, 3, pp 263-264.
10	Ghosh, D. K. ; Dhingra, K. L., A strain of bean common mosaic virus infecting soybean.. 1993, Indian Phytopathology, 46, 1, pp 69-71.
11	Kamala, V. ; Rao, R. D. V. J. P. ; Varaprasad, K. S., Resistance to Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus in cowpea germplasm collections from Andhra Pradesh.. 2007, Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 35, 1, pp 144-145.
12	Khetarpal, R. K. ; Parakh, D. B. ; Shamsher Singh ; Ram Nath ; Jain, R. K. ; Varma, A., Bean common mosaic virus detected by DAC-indirect ELISA in exotic Phaseolus vulgaris L.. 1994, Indian Journal of Virology, 10, 1, pp 13-16.
13	Kiranmai, G. ; Kumar, P. L. ; Hema, M. ; Venkatramana, M. ; Prasadji, J. K. ; Rao, D. M. ; Sreenivasulu, P., Partial characterization of a Potyvirus causing bract mosaic of banana in Andhra Pradesh.. 2005, Indian Journal of Virology, 16, 01-Feb, pp 07-Nov.
14	Mahalakshmi, B. ; Reddy, B. M. R. ; Nagaraju, Characterization of a mosaic virus disease occurring on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.. 2008, Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42, 2, pp 278-282.
15	Mali, V. R. ; Kulthe, K. S., A seedborne potyvirus causing mosaic of cowpea in India.. 1980, Plant Disease, 64, 10, pp 925-928.
16	Mali, V. R. ; Mundhe, G. E. ; Shaikh, W. R., Sero-diagnosis of six cowpea seedborne viruses in India.. 1989, Indian Journal of Virology, 5, 01-Feb, pp 45-55.
17	Manisha Srivastava ; Gupta, U. P. ; Asha Sinha, Influence of bean common mosaic virus infection on catalase and peroxidase activity in Hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.).. 2012, Journal of Interacademicia, 16, 1, pp Oct-19.
18	Mishra, A. ; Gohel, V. R. ; Valand, G. B. ; Patel, J. G. ; Shukla, D. D., Peanut stripe virus disease of groundnut - a review.. 1993, International Journal of Pest Management, 39, 2, pp 210-215.
19	Mishra, A. ; Gohel, V. R. ; Valand, G. B. ; Patel, J. G. ; Shukla, D. D., Peanut stripe virus disease of groundnut - a review.. 1993, International Journal of Pest Management, 39, 2, pp 210-215.
20	Moses, G. J. ; Nariani, T. K., A mosaic disease of Phaseolus atropurpureus.. 1975, publ. 1976, Indian Phytopathology, 28, 1, pp 102-103.
21	Muniyappa, V., Studies on a mosaic disease of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.).. 1976, Madras Agricultural Journal, 63, 1, pp 69-70.
22	Naidu, R. A. ; Sreenivasulu, P. ; Manohar, S. K. ; Ramakrishna, K. N. ; Reddy, D. V. R. ; Nayudu, M. V., Identification of peanut green mosaic virus strains in India.. 1991, Journal of Phytopathology, 133, 1, pp 49-56.
23	Nain, P. S. ; Rishi, N. ; Bishnoi, S. S., Profile of viral diseases of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in northern India.. 1994, Indian Journal of Virology, 10, 2, pp 128-136.
24	Nalini, M. S. ; Prakash, H. S. ; Shylaja, M. D. ; Shetty, H. S., Indexing French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Bean common mosaic virus infection.. 2004, Seed Research, 32, 2, pp 200-206.
25	Parakh, D. B. ; Chalam, V. C. ; Khetarpal, R. K. ; Maurya, A. K. ; Jain, A. ; Shamsher Singh, Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in soybean germplasm imported during 2003-2004.. 2005, Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 33, 1, pp 119-124.
26	Prachi Sharma ; Sharma, P. N. ; Renu Kapil ; Sharma, S. K. ; Sharma, O. P., Analysis of 3?-terminal region of Bean common mosaic virus strains infecting common bean in India.. 2011, Indian Journal of Virology, 22, 1, pp 37-43.
27	Prasad, S. M. ; Barnwal, M. K. ; Sharma, R. B. ; Prasad, N., Influence of different dates of sowing on incidence of virus diseases of French bean.. 2007, Indian Journal of Virology, 18, 1, pp 44-46.
28	Prasad, S. M. ; Prasad, N. ; Barnwal, M. K., Evaluation of insecticides against aphid vectors of virus diseases of French bean.. 2006, Journal of Plant Protection and Environment, 3, 1, pp 87-90.
29	Prasanna, G. B. ; Rajeswari, A. ; Satyanarayana, T. ; Kiranmai, G. ; Gopinath, K. ; Sreenivasulu, P. ; Nayudu, M. V., Characterization of a virus causing leaf distortion disease of Datura metel in India.. 1996, Indian Journal of Virology, 12, 2, pp 129-135.
30	Puttaraju, H. R. ; Prakash, H. S. ; Shetty, H. S., Field incidence, seed-transmission and susceptibility of cowpea varieties with reference to Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Potyvirus.. 2000, Seed Research, 28, 2, pp 196-202.
31	Puttaraju, H. R. ; Prakash, H. S. ; Shetty, H. S., Field incidence, seed-transmission and susceptibility of cowpea varieties with reference to Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Potyvirus.. 2000, Seed Research, 28, 2, pp 196-202.
32	Radhika, N. S. ; Umamaheswaran, K. ; Balakrishnan, S. ; Pant, R. P., Detection of a Potyvirus causing severe mosaic of cowpea in Kerala.. 2006, Indian Journal of Virology, 17, 1, pp 50-51.
33	Rao, G. P. ; Pandey, A. K. ; Shukla, K., Essential oils of some higher plants vis-à-vis some legume viruses.. 1986, Indian Perfumer, 30, 4, pp 483-486.
34	Renu Kapil ; Prachi Sharma ; Sharma, S. K. ; Sharma, O. P. ; Sharma, O. P. ; Dhar, J. B. ; Sharma, P. N., Pathogenic and molecular variability in bean common mosaic virus infecting common bean in India.. 2011, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44, 11, pp 1081-1092.
35	Sachchidananda, J. ; Singh, S. ; Prakash, N. ; Verma, V. S., Bean common mosaic virus on cowpea in India.. 1973, Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 80, 2, pp 88-91.
36	Sarkar, K. R. ; Kulshreshtha, K., Crotolaria striata DC., a new natural host of bean common mosaic virus.. 1978, Current Science, 47, 7, pp 241.
37	Sekar, R. ; Sulochana, C. B., Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus: occurrence in India.. 1983, Indian Journal of Plant Pathology, 1, 1, pp 38-44.
38	Shankar, A. C. U. ; Nayaka, C. S. ; Kumar, B. H. ; Shetty, S. H. ; Prakash, H. S., Detection and identification of the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic virus in seeds of cowpea from southern India.. 2009, Phytoparasitica, 37, 3, pp 283-293.
39	Shankar, A. C. U. ; Nayaka, C. S. ; Kumar, B. H. ; Shetty, S. H. ; Prakash, H. S., Detection and identification of the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic virus in seeds of cowpea from southern India.. 2009, Phytoparasitica, 37, 3, pp 283-293.
40	Sharma, P. K. ; Sharma, O. P. ; Sharma, P. N., Management of bean mosaic disease through host resistance and physicochemical means.. 2006, Environment and Ecology, 24S, Special 2, pp 312-314.
41	Singh, J. P. ; Varma, J. P., Mosaic disease of mung and urd bean in Haryana.. 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, B, 47, 1, pp 33-40.
42	Singh, R. ; Roy Chowdhury, J., Influence of the infection by common bean mosaic virus on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).. 1983, Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale, 77, 2, pp 249-257.
43	Singh, R. ; Singh, A. K., Observations on mosaic diseases of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.).. 1977, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 16, 02-Mar, pp 132-136.
44	Singh, R. N., A new strain of bean common mosaic virus on bean in India.. 1976, publ. 1977, Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 6, 2, pp 156-159.
45	Singh, R. N. ; Nene, Y. L., Further studies on the mosaic mottle disease of urd bean.. 1978, publ. 1979, Indian Phytopathology, 31, 2, pp 159-162.
46	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, C. S. ; Basavaraju Archana ; Usha Nayak ; Niranjana, S. R. ; Prakash, H. S., Strobilurins seed treatment enhances resistance of common bean against Bean common mosaic virus.. 2012, Journal of Phytopathology, 160, 11-Dec, pp 710-716.
47	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, S. C. ; Kumar, H. B. ; Mortensen, C. N. ; Shetty, H. S. ; Prakash, H. S., Establishing inoculum threshold levels for Bean common mosaic virus strain blackeye cowpea mosaic infection in cowpea seed.. 2010, African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 53, pp 8958-8969.
48	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, S. C. ; Kumar, H. B. ; Mortensen, C. N. ; Shetty, H. S. ; Prakash, H. S., Establishing inoculum threshold levels for Bean common mosaic virus strain blackeye cowpea mosaic infection in cowpea seed.. 2010, African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 53, pp 8958-8969.
49	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, S. C. ; Niranjana, S. R. ; Lund, O. S. ; Prakash, H. S., First report of Bean common mosaic virus infecting Lablab purpureus in India.. 2011, Plant Disease, 95, 7, pp 881.
50	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, S. C. ; Niranjana, S. R. ; Mortensen, C. N. ; Prakash, H. S., Immunocapture RT-PCR detection of Bean common mosaic virus and strain blackeye cowpea mosaic in common bean and black gram in India.. 2012, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45, 13, pp 1509-1518.
51	Udayashankar, A. C. ; Nayaka, S. C. ; Niranjana, S. R. ; Mortensen, C. N. ; Prakash, H. S., Immunocapture RT-PCR detection of Bean common mosaic virus and strain blackeye cowpea mosaic in common bean and black gram in India.. 2012, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45, 13, pp 1509-1518.