Cardamom mosaic virus

Family   : Potyviridae
Genus    : Macluravirus
Acronym  : CdMV

Introduction

It is one of the oldest virus disease reported from India. The virus infects small cardamon. The virus belongs to the genus Macluravirus in the family Potyviridae. The disease caused by Cardamom mosaic virus is also known as mosaic, katte or marble disease of cardamom. It has highly restricted host range. Crop loss upto 38, 62 and 69% were reported for first, second and third year due to the disease.

Major Diseases

katte disease

Geographical Distribution

States of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Particle Morphology

Virions filamentous usually flexuous of 700-720 nm.

Transmission Method

Transmitted by a vector Pentalonia nigronervosa (Aphididae) in a non-persistent manner. Virus not transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by seed.

Detection

ELISA, RT-PCR and Real-time RT-PCR methods.

Host Range and Symptomatology ShowHide

Host	Symptoms
Cardamom	Prominent, discontinuous yellowish stripe running out from midrib to the margin on young leaves. The size of the leaves get reduced leading to stunting of plants. Mottling seen on psuedostem.

References ShowHide

1	Black pepper and cardamom: problems and prospects. Proceedings of a national seminar on black pepper and cardamom, 17-18 May 1992, Calicut, Kerala.. 1992, pp xi + 90 pp..
2	Ali, S. S., Influence of Katte mosaic virus of cardamom on the population of Meloidogyne incognita.. 1989, Nematologia Mediterranea, 17, 2, pp 121-122.
3	Biju, C. N. ; Siljo, A. ; Bhat, A. I., Survey and RT-PCR based detection of Cardamom mosaic virus affecting small cardamom in India.. 2010, Indian Journal of Virology, 21, 2, pp 148-150.
4	Jacob, T. ; Jebasingh, T. ; Venugopal, M. N. ; Usha, R., High genetic diversity in the coat protein and 3? untranslated regions among geographical isolates of Cardamom mosaic virus from south India.. 2003, Journal of Biosciences, 28, 5, pp 589-595.
5	Jacob, T. ; Usha, R., 3?-Terminal sequence analysis of the RNA genome of the Indian isolate of cardamom mosaic virus: a new member of genus Macluravirus of Potyviridae.. 2001, Virus Genes, 23, 1, pp 81-88.
6	Mandal, B. ; Vijayanandraj, S. ; Shilpi, S. ; Pun, K. B. ; Singh, V. ; Pant, R. P. ; Jain, R. K. ; Varadarasan, S. ; Varma, A., Disease distribution and characterisation of a new macluravirus associated with chirke disease of large cardamom.. 2012, Annals of Applied Biology, 160, 3, pp 225-236.
7	Rajan, P., Biology of Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii van der Goot, vector of 'katte' disease of cardamom.. 1981, Journal of Plantation Crops, 9, 1, pp 34-41.
8	Ram, C. S. V. (Editor), Plant pathology II.. 1980, Proceedings of the second annual symposium on plantation crops. Plant protection (entomology, microbiology, nematology, plant pathology and rodentology)., 1, pp 313-441.
9	Rao, D. G., Katte disease of small cardamom.. 1977, Journal of Plantation Crops, 5, 1, pp 23-27.
10	Rao, D. G. ; Naidu, R., Additional vectors of 'Katte' disease of small cardamom.. 1974, Indian Journal of Horticulture, 31, 4, pp 380-381.
11	Sharma, D. C. ; Raychaudhuri, S. P. ; Capoor, S. P., Count down on the cardamom viruses.. 1972, Farmer and Parliament, December, pp 3 pp..
12	Siljo, A. ; Bhat, A. I. ; Biju, C. N., Analysis of variability in Cardamom mosaic virus isolates occurring in India using symptomatology and coat protein gene sequence.. 2013, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 22, 1, pp 70-75.
13	Siljo, A. ; Bhat, A. I. ; Biju, C. N., Detection of Cardamom mosaic virus and Banana bract mosaic virus in cardamom using SYBR Green based reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.. 2014, Indian Journal of Virology, 25, 1, pp 137-141.
14	Siljo, A. ; Bhat, A. I. ; Biju, C. N. ; Venugopal, M. N., Occurrence of Banana bract mosaic virus on cardamom.. 2012, Phytoparasitica, 40, 1, pp 77-85.
15	Venugopal, M. N., Natural disease escapes as sources of resistance against cardamom mosaic virus causing katte disease of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton).. 1999, Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 8, 2, pp 145-151.
16	Visiwanath, S. ; Siddaramaiah, A. L. ; Deshpande, R. S., A new host of cardamom 'Katte' virus.. 1973, Current Research, 2, 12, pp 111.

Sequences ShowHide