Cowpea mild mottle virus

Family   : Betaflexiviridae
Genus    : Carlavirus
Acronym  : CPMMV

Introduction

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is a plant pathogenic virus belongs to the genus Carlavirus. Tomato pale chlorosis virus is a strain of CPMMV.

Major Diseases

Mottle/Chlorosis/Necrosis

Geographical Distribution

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and northern India.

Particle Morphology

Flexuous rods of 610 x 15 nm.

Transmission Method

Transmitted by a vector Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae); Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner; Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; some isolates transmitted by seed.

Detection

ELISA, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and RT-PCR.

Host Range and Symptomatology ShowHide

Host	Symptoms
Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut)	Mosaic
Voandzeia subterranea	Mild yellow mosaic.
Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) , P. lunatus (lima bean) , Vigna radiate (mung bean)	Mild yellow mosaic.
Pigeon pea	Mild yellow mosaic.
Soyabean	Mild yellow mosaic.

References ShowHide

1	Cowpea mild mottle virus. [Distribution map].. 2013, Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, October, pp Map 1139 (Edition 2).
2	Cowpea mild mottle virus. [Distribution map].. 2013, Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April, pp Map 1139 (Edition 1).
3	Groundnut diseases.. 1982, April, pp 159-177.
4	Groundnut pathology.. 1981, April, pp 147-156.
5	Baranwal, V. K. ; Jain, P. ; Saritha, R. K. ; Jain, R. K. ; Gautam, N. K., Detection and partial characterization of Cowpea mild mottle virus in mungbean and urdbean by deep sequencing and RT-PCR.. 2015, Crop Protection, 75, April, pp 77-79.
6	Gillaspie, A. G., Jr. ; Hopkins, M. S. ; Pinnow, D. L. ; Hampton, R. O., Seedborne viruses in preintroduction cowpea seed lots and establishment of virus-free accessions.. 1995, Plant Disease, 79, 4, pp 388-391.
7	Iizuka, N. ; Reddy, D. V. R., Identification of viruses from peanut in India.. 1986, Technical Bulletin of the Tropical Agriculture Research Center, 21, pp 164-183.
8	Mali, V. R. ; Mundhe, G. E. ; Shaikh, W. R., Sero-diagnosis of six cowpea seedborne viruses in India.. 1989, Indian Journal of Virology, 5, 01-Feb, pp 45-55.
9	Mansour, A. ; Al-Musa, A. ; Vetten, H. J. ; Lesemann, D. E., Properties of a cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) isolate from eggplant in Jordan and evidence for biological and serological differences between CPMMV isolates from leguminous and solanaceous hosts.. 1998, Journal of Phytopathology, 146, 11-Dec, pp 539-547.
10	Muniyappa, V. ; Reddy, D. V. R., Transmission of cowpea mild mottle virus by Bemisia tabaci in a non-persistent manner.. 1983, Plant Disease, 67, 4, pp 391-393.
11	Muniyappa, V. ; Veeresh, G. K., Plant virus diseases transmitted by whiteflies in Karnataka.. 1984, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Animal Sciences, 93, 4, pp 397-406.
12	Nain, P. S. ; Rishi, N. ; Bishnoi, S. S., Profile of viral diseases of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in northern India.. 1994, Indian Journal of Virology, 10, 2, pp 128-136.
13	Sivaprasad, V. ; Sreenivasulu, P., Characterization of two strains of cowpea mild mottle virus naturally infecting groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India.. 1996, Journal of Phytopathology, 144, 1, pp 19-23.
14	Thakur, M. P. ; Reddy, D. V. R. ; Reddy, A. S. ; Ratna, A. S. ; Al-Nasiri, M. ; Agrawal, K. C., Identification of bud blight of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) through ELISA and infectivity assay.. 1996, Indian Journal of Virology, 12, 1, pp 79-82.
15	Yadav, M. K. ; Biswas, K. K. ; Lal, S. K. ; Baranwal, V. K. ; Jain, R. K., A distinct strain of Cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean in India.. 2013, Journal of Phytopathology, 161, 10, pp 739-744.

Sequences ShowHide