Cucumber mosaic virus
Family : Bromoviridae
Genus : Cucumovirus
Acronym : CMV
Introduction
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus which infects many plants and causes quantity and quality losses. In fact it has the reputation of having the widest host range of any known plant virus. It is a tripartite positive sense single stranded RNA virus with isometric particle morphology. CMV strains are classified into two groups - I and II. The group I is further divided into IA and IB. The virus is known to occur both in temperate and tropical regions. Banana infectious chlorosis virus, Coleus mosaic virus, Cowpea banding mosaic virus, Cowpea ringspot virus, Cucumber virus 1, Lily ringspot virus, Pea top necrosis virus, Peanut yellow mosaic virus, Southern celery mosaic virus, Soybean stunt virus, Spinach blight virus, Tomato fern leaf virus, Pea western ringspot virus are few strains present.
Major Diseases
Mosaic disease
Geographical Distribution
Wide spread in India.
Particle Morphology
Isometric virus particles measuring about 29 nm in diameter.
Transmission Method
Transmitted by more than 60 species of aphids including Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae (Aphididae) in a non persistant manner. Virus is also transmitted by mechanical inoculation and in a few hosts, virus is also transmitted through seeds.
Detection
ELISA, RT-PCR, Real-time RT-PCR, LAMP, DIBA and Dot blot Hybridisation
Host Range and Symptomatology
| Host | Symptoms |
| Tomato and vegetables | Vein clearing, mosaic and chlorotic local lesions. |
| Gladiolus plants | Mosaic, color breaking, stunting and reduction in flower size. |
| Pisum sativum (pea) ,Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) ,Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean) | Mosaic, leaf deformation and stunting. |
| Piper nigrum (Black pepper) | Mosaic and leaf distortion. |
| Solanaceous hosts | Mosaic, leaf distortion and stunting. |
| Vanilla planifolia Andrews (vanilla) | Mosaic, leaf deformation and stunting. |
| Tagetes erecta (marigold) | Severe puckering and blistering of leaf lamina. |
| Nicotiana tabacum L. (bidi tobacco) | Chlorotic mottling. |
| Nicandra physaloides (winter cherry) | Mosaic and leaf distortion |
| Bougainvillea glabraL | Mosaic mottling, stunting of plants with few small flowers. |
References
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