Piper yellow mottle virus

Family   : Caulimoviridae
Genus    : Badnavirus
Acronym  : PYMoV

Introduction

Piper yellow mottle virus is a badnavirus with about 7.5 kb double stranded DNA genome infects black pepper and other related species.The disease is characterized by yellow mottle, leaf deformation and stunting of plants.

Major Diseases

Yellow mottle/stunted disease.

Geographical Distribution

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and probably where ever black pepper is grown.

Particle Morphology

Baciliform particles of about 100-120 x 30 nm.

Transmission Method

Transmitted by mealybugs Planococcus citri (citrus mealy bug) and Ferrisia virgata (Foliar mealy bug) in a semi persistent manner.it is also transmitted through seeds in black pepper.

Detection

ELISA, PCR, LAMP and real-time PCR.

Host Range and Symptomatology ShowHide

Host	Symptoms
Piper nigrum L. (black pepper)	Mosaic, reduction in leaf size and internode length leading to stunting of the vine, and bright yellow mottling along veins.
Piper betle (Betel vine)	Yellow mottle and leaf deformation.
Piper longum (Indian long pepper)	Yellow mottle, leaf deformation, reduction in leaf size and stunting of plants.

References ShowHide

1	Bhat, A. I. ; Shina Sasi ; Revathy, K. A. ; Deeshma, K. P. ; Saji, K. V., Sequence diversity among badnavirus isolates infecting black pepper and related species in India.. 2014, VirusDisease, 25, 3, pp 402-407.
2	Bhat, A. I. ; Siju, S., Development of a single-tube multiplex RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection of Cucumber mosaic virus and Piper yellow mottle virus associated with stunt disease of black pepper.. 2007, Current Science, 93, 7, pp 973-976.
3	Bhat, A. I. ; Siljo, A., Detection of viruses infecting black pepper by SYBR green-based realtime PCR assay.. 2014, Journal of Plant Pathology, 96, 1, pp 105-109.
4	Bhat, A. I. ; Siljo, A. ; Devasahayam, S., Occurrence of symptomless source of Piper yellow mottle virus in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) varieties and a wild Piper species.. 2012, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45, 9, pp 1000-1009.
5	Govindan, M. ; Joy, M. ; Sreekumar, K. M., Viral diseases of black pepper and their management.. 2003, Indian Journal of Arecanut, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 5, 3, pp 96-102.
6	Hareesh, P. S. ; Bhat, A. I., Detection and partial nucleotide sequence analysis of Piper yellow mottle virus infecting black pepper in India.. 2008, Indian Journal of Virology, 19, 2, pp 160-167.
7	Sherin Jose ; Swapna Sasidharan ; Remya Lekshmi ; Ragina, V. C. ; Anisha, C. S. ; Mathew, K. M. ; Rao, Y. S., Virus indexing of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against CMV and PYMoV.. 2013, Advances in Plant Sciences, 26, 2, pp 317-320.
8	Siju, S. ; Bhat, A. I. ; Hareesh, P. S., Identification and characterization of a Badnavirus infecting betel vine and Indian long pepper.. 2008, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 17, 1, pp 73-76.

Sequences ShowHide