Watermelon bud necrosis virus

Family   : Bunyaviridae
Genus    : Tospovirus
Acronym  : GBNV

Introduction

Watermelon bud necrosis disease (GBND) caused by Watermelon bud necrosis virus (GBNV) is an important disease of watermelon in India. It is vectored by Thrips palmi in a propagative manner. The primary symptom of the disease includes leaf mottling, yellowing and necrotic streaks on veins, shortened internodes and necrosis and dieback of buds. The virus can cause severe crop losses, especially when the plants are infected before they are a month old.

Major Diseases

Necrosis disease

Geographical Distribution

Widespread in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra

Particle Morphology

Quasi-spherical particles measuring 70-110 nm in diameter

Transmission Method

By Thrips palmi in a propagative manner

Detection

ELISA, RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, DIBA, Western blotting

Host Range and Symptomatology ShowHide

Host	Symptoms
Watermelon	Leaf mottling, yellowing and necrotic streaks on veins, shortened internodes and necrosis and dieback of buds
Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula)	Chlorotic spots on inoculated leaves and vein clearing followed by chlorotic rings and yellow netting along veins of newly developed leaves.

References ShowHide

1	Jain, R. K.; Bag, S.; Umamaheswaran, K.; Mandal, B., Natural infection by tospoviruses of cucurbitaceous and fabaceous vegetable crops in India.. 2007, Journal of Phytopathology, 155, 1, pp 22-25.
2	Jain, R. K.; Pappu, H. R.; Pappu, S. S.; Reddy, M. K.; Vani, A., Watermelon bud necrosis tospovirus is a distinct virus species belonging to serogroup IV.. 1998, Archives of Virology, 143, 8, pp 1637-1644.
3	Kamanna, B. C.; Jadhav, S. N.; Shankarappa, T. H., Evaluation of insecticides against thrips vector for the management of watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) disease.. 2010, Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 1, pp 172-173.
4	Kunkalikar, S. R.; Sudarsana Poojari; Arun, B. M.; Rajagopalan, P. A.; Chen TsungChi; Yeh ShyiDong; Naidu, R. A.; Zehr, U. B.; Ravi, K. S., Importance and genetic diversity of vegetable-infecting tospoviruses in India.. 2011, Phytopathology, 101, 3, pp 367-376.
5	Li JuTing; Yeh YiChun; Yeh ShyiDong; Raja, J. A. J.; Rajagopalan, P. A.; Liu LuYuan; Chen TsungChi, Complete genomic sequence of watermelon bud necrosis virus.. 2011, Archives of Virology, 156, 2, pp 359-362.
6	Mandal, B.; Jain, R. K.; Chaudhary, V.; Varma, A., First report of natural infection of Luffa acutangula by watermelon bud necrosis virus in India.. 2003, Plant Disease, 87, 5, pp 598.
7	Rakesh Kumar; Mandal, B.; Geetanjali, A. S.; Jain, R. K.; Jaiwal, P. K., Genome organisation and sequence comparison suggest intraspecies incongruence in M RNA of Watermelon bud necrosis virus.. 2010, Archives of Virology, 155, 8, pp 1361-1365.
8	Rebijith, K. B.; Asokan, R.; Kumar, N. K. K.; Krishna, V.; Ramamurthy, V. V., Development of species-specific markers and molecular differences in mtDNA of Thrips palmi Karny and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), vectors of tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae) in India.. 2012, Entomological News, 122, 3, pp 201-213.
9	Suresh, L. M.; Malathi, V. G.; Shivanna, M. B., Serological diagnosis and host range studies of important viral diseases of a few cucurbitaceous crops in Maharashtra, India.. 2013, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46, 16, pp 1919-1930.

Sequences ShowHide