Groundnut bud necrosis virus
Family : Bunyaviridae
Genus : Tospovirus
Acronym : GBNV
Introduction
Groundnut bud necrosis disease (GBND) caused by Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) (also known as Peanut bud necrosis virus, PBNV) is an important disease of groundnut and legumes and many other crops in India. It is vectored by Thrips palmi in a propagative manner. It was first reported in India in 1949, and it became economically important during the late 1960s when incidences of up to 100% were recorded in many groundnut-growing regions of the country. The primary symptom of GBND on groundnut is a mild chlorotic mottle or specks on young, quadrifoliate leaves, which develop into chlorotic and necrotic rings and streaks. Necrosis from the leaf extends to the petiole and terminal bud and results in necrosis of the terminal bud. Secondary symptoms include stunting, auxiliary shoot proliferation, and malformation of leaflets. The virus can cause severe crop losses, especially when the plants are infected before they are a month old. Seeds from such plants are small, shriveled, mottled, and discolored. Plants infected at a later stage produce normal-sized seeds, but testa on such seeds are often mottled and cracked. Incidence of PBND has ranged from 5 to 80%, and yield losses of up to 50%, worth more than $89 million in India alone, have been reported.
Major Diseases
Necrosis disease
Geographical Distribution
Widespread throughout the country infecting many crops
Particle Morphology
Quasi-spherical particles measuring 70-110 nm in diameter
Transmission Method
By Thrips palmi in a propagative manner
Detection
ELISA, RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, DIBA, Western blotting
Host Range and Symptomatology
| Host | Symptoms |
| Groundnut and many other legumes | Mild chlorotic mottle or specks on young leaves, which develop into chlorotic and necrotic rings and streaks. Necrosis from the leaf extends to the petiole and terminal bud and results in necrosis of the terminal bud. Secondary symptoms include stunting, auxiliary shoot proliferation, and malformation of leaflets. |
| Potato | Stem and petiole necrosis, leaf spotting/deformation and stunting |
| Tomato | Mild chlorotic mottle or specks on young leaves, which develop into chlorotic and necrotic rings and streaks. Necrosis from the leaf extends to the petiole and terminal bud and results in necrosis of the terminal bud. |
| Jasmine | Mosaic and chlorotic spots which turn necrotic later |
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