Capsicum chlorosis virus

Family   : Bunyaviridae
Genus    : Tospovirus
Acronym  : CaCV

Introduction

In India, Capsicum chlorosis virus was first reported in tomato during 2007. At present, the virus is found to infect tomato and chilli. Although CaCV from India was reported only recently, it is possible that it has existed in the country for a long time. It is possible that it remained unidentified because it produces symptoms mimicking those caused by groundnut bud necrosis virus. production. In the Indian subcontinent, tomato and chilli are the major vegetable crops that are widely infected by tospoviruses. The diseases caused by these viruses can cause 100% yield loss and often have severe economic and social consequences

Major Diseases

Chlorotic and necrotic disease

Geographical Distribution

Central and northern India

Particle Morphology

Pleomorphic virus particles are 80-120 nm in size and have surface projections composed of two viral glycoproteins. The genome consists of three negative- or ambisense single-stranded RNAs with partially complementary terminal sequences that allow the RNA to adopt a pseudocircular or panhandle conformation. Each genomic RNA is encapsidated by multiple copies of the viral nucleocapsid protein to form ribonucleoprotein structures also known as nucleocapsids. The nucleocapsids are enclosed in a host-derived membrane bilayer along with an estimated 10-20 copies of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to form the complete virus particle

Transmission Method

Thrips palmi

Detection

By ELISA and RT-PCR based methods

Host Range and Symptomatology

Host	Symptoms
Chilli	Yellow spots which later coalesce to produce mosaic pattern. In advance stage concentric rings will develop on mature leaves. Infected plant produce necrosis of growing tip and bud necrosis. Fruits show concentric rings or circular spots on the surface
Tomato	Chlorotic lesions and necrotic rings on leaves

References

1	Anshul Sharma ; Saurabh Kulshrestha, First report of Amaranthus sp. as a natural host of capsicum chlorosis virus in India.. 2014, VirusDisease, 25, 3, pp 412-413.
2	Krishnareddy, M. ; Rani, R. U. ; Kumar, K. S. A. ; Reddy, K. M. ; Pappu, H. R., Capsicum chlorosis virus (genus Tospovirus) infecting chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) in India.. 2008, Plant Disease, 92, 10, pp 1469.
3	Kunkalikar, S. R. ; Sudarsana Poojari ; Arun, B. M. ; Rajagopalan, P. A. ; Chen TsungChi ; Yeh ShyiDong ; Naidu, R. A. ; Zehr, U. B. ; Ravi, K. S., Importance and genetic diversity of vegetable-infecting tospoviruses in India.. 2011, Phytopathology, 101, 3, pp 367-376.
4	Kunkalikar, S. R. ; Sudarsana, P. ; Rajagopalan, P. ; Zehr, U. B. ; Ravi, K. S., Biological and molecular characterization of Capsicum chlorosis virus infecting chilli and tomato in India.. 2010, Archives of Virology, 155, 7, pp 1047-1057.
5	Pradeep Manyam ; Byadgi, A. S., Serological and molecular characterization and detection of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) in chilli.. 2014, Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 8, 3, pp 2441-2444.