Apple mosaic virus

Family   : Bromoviridae
Genus    : Ilarvirus
Acronym  : ApMV

Introduction

Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae. Transmissible from young leaves of apple and rose to herbaceous plants. Transmitted readily from numerous herbaceous hosts. It has a wide experimental host range, but no known vector. Distribution world-wide. Birch line pattern virus, birch ring spot virus, Dutch plum line pattern virus, European plum line pattern virus, hop A virus, horse chestnut yellow mosaic virus, rose mosaic virus are known Synonyms and mild apple mosaic virus, severe apple mosaic virus are strains Apple mosaic virus.

Major Diseases

Mosaic disease

Geographical Distribution

Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir

Particle Morphology

An isometric virus with particles about 26 nm in diameter.

Transmission Method

No active vectors are repoted; Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; possibly not transmitted by seed.

Detection

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DAS-ELISA revealed the presence of ApMV.

Host Range and Symptomatology ShowHide

Host	Symptoms
Malus domestica and Malus sp	Mosaic.
Rosaceae (many species)	Necrotic ringspots.

References ShowHide

1	Apple mosaic virus. [Distribution map].. 2001, Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (Edition 3), pp Map 354.
2	apple mosaic virus. [Distribution map].. 1963, Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, August (Edition 2), pp Map 354.
3	Bhardwaj, S. V. ; Khosla, K. ; Modgil, M. ; Sharma, D. R., Standardization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and penicillinase (PNC) based indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of apple mosaic virus from Himachal Pradesh.. 1994, Indian Journal of Virology, 10, 1, pp 07-Dec.
4	Bhardwaj, S. V. ; Rai, S. J. ; Thakur, P. D. ; Handa, A., Meristem tip culture and heat therapy for production of apple mosaic virus free plants in India.. 1998, 472, pp 135-140.
5	Chowfla, S. C. ; Sharma, R. K., Studies on a blister mosaic disease of thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.).. 1980, Acta Botanica Indica, 8, 2, pp 184-189.
6	Ferretti, L. ; Hallan, V. ; Rana, T. ; Ram, R. ; Dhir, S. ; Negi, A. ; Lakshmi, V. ; Thockchom, T. ; Zaidi, A. A. ; Barba, M., Nucleotide analysis of pome fruit virus isolates detected in apple and pear samples from Italy and India.. 2010, Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 427, pp 230.
7	Padder, B. A. ; Shah, M. D. ; Mushtaq Ahmad ; Aflaq Hamid ; Sofi, T. A. ; Ahanger, F. A. ; Sahar Saleem, Status of apple mosaic virus in Kashmir Valley.. 2011, Applied Biological Research, 13, 2, pp 117-120.
8	Sharma, D. C. ; Giri, B. K. ; Verma, L. R., Additional viral/viral like diseases of temperate fruits in Simla Hills (Himachal Pradesh - India). A report.. 1979, 2, pp 7 pp..
9	Tanuja Rana ; Anuradha Negi ; Sunny Dhir ; Tombisana Thockchom ; Vanita Chandel ; Yashika Walia ; Singh, R. M. ; Raja Ram ; Vipin Hallan ; Zaidi, A. A., Molecular diagnosis of apple virus and viroid pathogens from India.. 2011, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44, 6, pp 505-512.
10	Tombisana Thokchom ; Tanuja Rana ; Vipin Hallan ; Raja Ram ; Zaidi, A. A., Molecular characterization of the Indian strain of Apple mosaic virus isolated from apple (Malus domestica).. 2009, Phytoparasitica, 37, 4, pp 375-379.
11	Verma, R. K. ; Ahmed, N. ; Mir, J. I. ; Verma, M. K. ; Srivastava, K. K. ; Focktoo, S. Z. ; Rashid, R. ; Andrabi, M. ; Shafi, W., Detection of apple mosaic and chlorotic leaf spot viruses by DAS-ELISA from farmers orchards of Kashmir valley.. 2014, Indian Journal of Horticulture, 71, 4, pp 567-570.
12	Vijay Lakshmi ; Vipin Hallan ; Raja Ram ; Nazeer Ahmed ; Zaidi, A. A. ; Varma, A., Diversity of Apple mosaic virus isolates in India based on coat protein and movement protein genes.. 2011, Indian Journal of Virology, 22, 1, pp 44-49.

Sequences ShowHide